基于植被分布的河道糙率分区及率定方法          下载免费PDF全文

吴乔枫  蔡奕  刘曙光  蔡万贤 《水科学进展》2018,29(6):820-827

天然河流的河道综合糙率呈现出空间上的差异性和随水位（或流量）变化的动态性,但目前缺乏相关参数化方法来定量描述河道糙率的动态变化规律。尝试通过参数化方法开展受河道植被影响显著河流的糙率反演研究,用以提升模型精度。基于植被分布将河道断面划分为若干糙率不同的子区,通过率定河道断面各分区的糙率,从而反演糙率—水位曲线。在此基础上通过分析河道植被覆盖情况与河道断面特点对糙率曲线变化的影响,推求了基于分区糙率的河道断面综合糙率计算公式,从而定量描述分区糙率与综合糙率的关系。以漓江干流为例,采用该方法率定漓江干流（大溶江至阳朔段）水动力模型。结果表明:漓江干流综合糙率随水位在0.022~0.180间变化;在1.5 m的临界水深下,断面可划分为底床植被区（n=0.210）与非植被区（n=0.006）,能较好地反演糙率—水位曲线并获得理想的水位模拟效果。漓江底床植被繁茂是糙率随水位变化的根本原因,断面边滩的坡度变化是糙率与水位曲线梯度变化的主要驱动因素,两者的共同作用使得糙率随着水位呈现两段式的非线性变化。  相似文献   

辽东青城子矿集区双顶沟岩体年代学及地球化学研究     

解洪晶  王玉往  李德东  石煜  周国超  龙灵利 《地质学报》2018,92(6):1264-1279

青城子矿集区印支期岩浆作用形成岩基状双顶沟岩体及岩脉状石英二长斑岩等,双顶沟岩体根据其岩相学特征可划分为主体相和中心相两个岩相带,主体相内含有大量暗色微粒包体,并常见矿物不平衡结构,显示岩浆混合的特征。在岩石地球化学方面,包体与寄主岩石的主要氧化物之间具有良好的线性关系,寄主岩石和包体的稀土元素配分曲线和微量元素蛛网图形态相似,指示寄主岩石与包体在岩石形成过程中发生过成分交换及均一化,也显示岩浆混合特征。双顶沟岩体主体相具有高Ba-Sr花岗岩特征,可能为加厚下地壳部分熔融形成的熔体与富集地幔岩浆混合作用的产物,中心相则为主体相经过长石、角闪石、黑云母等的分离结晶作用而形成。石英二长斑岩脉可能为双顶沟岩体演化的浅成相,两者具有相同的源区和成因,矿集区内铅锌、金银矿床的形成可能与岩浆混合作用演化形成的石英二长斑岩相关。  相似文献   

地球早期演化的Hf-W同位素制约   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

梅清风  杨进辉 《岩石学报》2018,34(1):207-216

~(182)Hf-~(182)W作为短周期放射性衰变体系,可有效约束地球早期演化吸积增生和内部分异过程。本文通过系统总结、归纳太阳系形成初期地球核幔分异过程中Hf-W同位素变化规律、月球与地球硅酸盐的W同位素组成,提出利用~(182)Hf-~(182)W体系测定地球核幔分异时间不确定性的主要原因是地球核幔分异的持续性及开放性,大碰撞时间的~(182)Hf-~(182)W同位素限定主要受控于硅酸盐地球和硅酸盐月球的Hf/W比值,讨论了地幔W同位素不均一性的形成机制,与现代地幔不同的~(182)W/~(184)W组成可能代表了后增生作用之前整体硅酸盐地球的W同位素组成,也可能是~(182)Hf未完全灭绝时形成的区域性Hf/W比值差异经~(182)Hf衰变形成的结果。这些结论为探索类地行星形成与演化提供了重要制约。  相似文献   

Origin of the LLSVPs at the base of the mantle is a consequence of plate tectonics——A petrological and geochemical perspective     

Yaoling Niu 《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(5):1265-1278

In studying the petrogenesis of intra-plate ocean island basalts(OIB) associated with hotspots or mantle plumes, we hypothesized that the two large-low-shear-wave-velocity provinces(LLSVPs) at the base of the mantle beneath the Pacific(Jason) and Africa(Tuzo) are piles of subducted ocean crust(SOC)accumulated over Earth's history. This hypothesis was formulated using petrology, geochemistry and mineral physics in the context of plate tectonics and mantle circulation. Because the current debate on the origin of the LLSVPs is limited to the geophysical community and modelling discipline and because it is apparent that such debate cannot be resolved without considering relevant petrological and geochemical information, it is my motivation here to objectively discuss such information in a readily accessible manner with new perspectives in light of most recent discoveries. The hypothesis has the following elements:(1) subduction of the ocean crust of basaltic composition to the lower mantle is irreversible because(2) SOC is denser than the ambience of peridotitic composition under lower mantle conditions in both solid state and liquid form;(3) this understanding differs from the widespread view that OIB come from ancient SOC that returns from the lower mantle by mantle plumes, but is fully consistent with the understanding that OIB is not derived from SOC because SOC is chemically and isotopically too depleted to meet the requirement for any known OIB suite on Earth;(4) SOC is thus the best candidate for the LLSVPs, which are, in turn, the permanent graveyard of SOC;(5) the LLSVPs act as thermal insulators, making core-heating induced mantle diapirs or plumes initiated at their edges, which explains why the large igneous provinces(LIPs) are associated with the edges of the LLSVPs;(6) the antipodal positioning of Jason and Tuzo represents the optimal momentum of inertia, which explains why the LLSVPs are stable in the spinning Earth.  相似文献   

Middle Paleozoic impact event in the southwest of the East European Platform     

R.Kh. Sungatullin  A.I. Bakhtin  V.A. Tsel’movich  V.G. Bakhmutov  G.M. Sungatullina 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(9):1149-1160

A zone with high remanent magnetization and magnetic susceptibility has been identified at the boundary between Lower Devonian gray- and red-colored deposits in the basin of the Dniester River in the southwest of Ukraine (in the southwest of the East European Platform). The microparticles of native iron and nickel and iron-nickel intermetallic compounds found here might be markers of an impact event in the Lochkovian (~ 415 Ma). Electron microscope examination and probe microanalysis of the chemical composition, morphology, structures, and textures of specific microobjects showed that they are the product of melting of meteoritic substance and target rocks caused by an impact explosion. Explosive dispersion and deposition of microparticles on the Earth’s surface result in a rapid differentiation of their substance. The obtained data can be used as evidence of a reference impact event during the fall of an iron-stone meteorite, and a characteristic set of minerals and geochemical parameters can help to identify catastrophic events in the geologic history.  相似文献   

Indium Mineralization in the Yejiwei Sn‐Polymetallic Deposit of the Shizhuyuan Orefield,Southern Hunan,China     

《Resource Geology》2018,68(1):22-36

The Y ejiwei deposit, which is located in the southern H unan W –Sn –Pb –Z n M etallogenic B elt in south C hina, is a large‐scale porphyry–skarn–veinlet‐type deposit containing 806 t I n. M ineralization occurs as porphyry‐type S n (stockworks), skarn‐type S n–C u, marble‐hosted‐type S n–C u (veinlet), and vein‐type P b–Z n ores. Thirty‐five ore samples were collected from the Y ejiwei deposit for bulk and mineral chemical composition, microscopic observation and electron microprobe analyses. The porphyry‐type S n ores contain variable amounts of I n (2.3–76 ppm; mean of 17.4 ppm) with local I n enrichment (226 ppm) and 1000 × I n/Z n values are 3.8–52.4. The skarn‐type C u–S n ore is richest in I n (12.3–214 ppm; mean of 114 ppm), and 1000 × I n/Z n values are 2.4–117. In contrast, the In content of the marble‐hosted‐type C u–S n ores is relatively low (7.4–34.9 ppm; mean of 20.3 ppm), and 1000 × I n/Z n is in the range of 0.61–5.5, and the vein‐type P b–Z n ores in the external zone contain the lowest I n contents (7.2–17.0 ppm; mean of 12.1 ppm) with 1000 × I n/Z n values of 0.07–0.09. The ore minerals in the deposit include pyrite, pyrrhotite, cassiterite, and I n‐bearing minerals of sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and stannite. Although only trace amounts of sphalerite are hosted in the porphyry ores, the sphalerite contains the highest I n content (0.27–10.1 wt.% I n) in the deposit. We observed the highest I n contents of all I n‐bearing sphalerite reported in C hina. The I n contents of sphalerite in the skarn‐type ore range from 0.15 to 0.56 wt.%, whereas the marble‐hosted‐, and vein‐type ores have lower I n contents (0.00–0.04, and 0.03–0.06 wt.%, respectively). The In resources of the Y ejiwei deposit are mainly hosted in skarn ores of the No. 31 and No. 32 orebodies. The genesis of I n in the Y ejiwei deposit was closely related to the shallow intrusive environment of related igneous rocks. As W –S n–M o–B i–C u–P b–Z n–A g mineralization is widespread in south H unan, this study would suggest a focus on skarn‐type S n–Z n deposits for the future prospecting of I n resources.  相似文献   

大兴安岭北段南木火山盆地铀成矿地质条件及找矿前景分析     

范月野  席海银  董明 《地质与资源》2018,27(2):137-140

南木火山盆地位于大兴安岭中北段,处于大兴安岭林西-扎兰屯多金属成矿带上。对其基底、盖层、构造和铀矿化等方面的调查分析显示,该盆地基底盖层铀含量较高,构造发育,有利于铀活化、迁移和富集,同时,地表铀矿化显示良好,规模较大.综上认为该盆地具备了火山岩型铀成矿的地质构造环境,成矿地质条件良好,具有良好的铀找矿前景.  相似文献   

从清代新疆屯垦政策角度谈屯田与生态环境的关系——以天山北路东部屯垦为中心     

刘超建 《干旱区地理》2015,38(2)

近年来,清代新疆屯田与生态环境的关系已成为研究热点。但多数只是从经济史或社会史的角度,作为研究的出发点,只注重了屯田对环境所造成的负面影响,对其正面影响多无涉及,得出屯田是造成土地沙漠化扩大的主要因素。事实上,这样的结论并不符合历史事实。为此,选取清代天山北路东部屯垦作为研究对象,运用历史农业地理的理论与方法,在小尺度的范围内,探求屯垦政策下所进行的农业开发与生态环境变化之间的互动性,以求对二者之间关系有个正确的定位。其主旨不是就清代屯田对生态环境影响进行的重新研究,而是从屯垦政策的角度,通过对清代移民人口、屯田规模、农业技术选择、土地权属及在屯田过程中所形成相关人文要素进行探讨,并由此所引起的屯田与生态环境的关系进行分析。结果表明屯田对生态环境影响主要表现在其积极的方面上,即戈壁变为绿洲,而不是所说的屯田引起沙漠化扩大,也就是说,其负面影响并不突出。这样就为我们能够正确认识清代新疆地区环境变迁提供了理论及事实上的支持。从而得出,自然本身、战争等其它要素,应该是环境变迁的主要因素。  相似文献   

中国城市群等级类型综合划分   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6  

黄金川  陈守强 《地理科学进展》2015,34(3)

城市群是中国新型城镇化战略的重要载体,也是国家参与全球竞争和国际劳动分工的新型地域单元。目前,中国区域空间治理模式正在发生重大转变,由原来的行政区分割管理开始转向类型区空间治理。本文基于城市群的重要外延特征,采用"先分等、后划类"的综合分类思想对中国23个城市群进行定量类型划分和空间分异分析,为中国城市群实施因地制宜的空间格局优化和分类管理的规划引导提供科学依据。首先,参考世界成熟城市群的规模大小和集聚程度,中国城市群分为国家级、区域级、次区域级和地区级4个等级,呈现"3-5-6-9"的金字塔型等级结构;其次,基于城市群的五大特征,构建由10个因子和22个指标构成的指标体系,运用Q型聚类分析法将中国城市群定量划分为成熟外向型、双核赶超型、环境友好型、单核辐射型和内陆粗放型等5种类型;最后,综合等级划分与定量聚类结果,进一步细分为国家级成熟外向型、国家级双核赶超型、区域级双核赶超型、次区域级环境友好型、地区级环境友好型、区域级单核辐射型、地区级单核辐射型、区域级内陆粗放型和地区级内陆粗放型共9个亚类。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地北缘西端埃达克质花岗岩的发现及地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邱士东  董增产  辜平阳 《地质学报》2015,89(7):1231-1243

盐场北山英云闪长岩位于柴达木盆地北缘西端青海冷湖地区。岩体Si2O56%(62.86%~64.83%),A12O315%,MgO3%(含量为1.73%~1.96%),Mg#=33.4~37.0,小于50。Sr400×10-6(平均为409×10-6),Y18×10-6(Y=3.09×10-6~6.6×10-6),Yb1.9×10-6(Yb=0.4×10-6~0.58×10-6),具有埃达克岩地球化学特征;Na2O/K2O=2.39~2.73,富Na贫K,Eu、Sr正异常(δEu=1.22~1.44),属O型埃达克岩。岩体富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Sr、Ba),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P),具火山弧型花岗岩特征。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,岩体形成于263±2 Ma。结合区域地质背景和岩石地球化学特征,认为柴达木盆地北缘西端埃达克质花岗岩可能产于与俯冲有关的活动大陆边缘火山弧环境,是俯冲板片直接熔融的产物。进而揭示中二叠世末柴达木盆地北缘地区处于洋陆俯冲的构造演化阶段。  相似文献